Terror Manufacturer: TPLF, world’s most virulent and violent crew


 Asegedew Shemelis

Researcher and Consultant

The Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) is a political group founded in 1975 in Ethiopia as guerrilla fighter. Since its inception, the name “TPLF” has rancorous records in relation to atrocities and terrorism. It could actually claim place in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), based on dozens of incidents occurring between 1976 and 1990. It obviously committed countless acts of terror before and after it seized state power in 1991. However, its paradox for the double standard remains a puzzling political and historical absurdity. Throughout its fight for power, it is known for its multifaceted role and activities in terrorism. As a result, globally registered guerrilla terrorist – 1976-1990.

Terror acts of TPLF as a guerrilla fighting group

In order to increase the spiral of the mass silence, TPLF covertly circulated terrorizing flyers and letters in small towns and farmers villages. In some localities, it used to attack communities and plundered public and private properties to trigger abhorring rage against the state. The wicked part of TPLF’s terror was on its people too. The June 22, 1988 Hawzen Market Massacre of about 2,800 people in Tigray had really exposed the very essence of the group’s savagery.

The perpetrator is listed in the GTD, based on dozens of incidents occurring between 1976 and 1990. As GTD database in districts of Werder, Gonder, Metema, Bure, Adi Haro, Addis Ababa, Kobo, Lalibela, Jari, Korem, Workamba and Aksum are victims of the Tigre forces fascism.

According to U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services, TPLF was one of the ineligible squads for visas or admission. The TPLF qualifies as a Tier III terrorist organization under Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). INA section 212 (a) (3) (B) (vi) is a member of a terrorist organization described in clause (vi)(III); (VII) endorses or espouses terrorist activity or persuades others to endorse or espouse terrorist activity); and  (III has, under circumstances indicating an intention to cause death or serious bodily harm, incited terrorist activity) on the basis of its violent activities. Though GTD registers TPLF as non-state actor terrorist, the group has continued its crimes after it seized power in 1991—attacking opponents, killing civilians and abusing human rights all in its tenure.

 State terrorism and global alliance to fight it: the paradox

TPLF orchestrated countless acts of terror before and after it seized state power in 1991. The other controversial face of TPLF with regards of Terrorism is its global partnership in fighting terrorism on behalf of the government of Ethiopia. The TPLF-led government of Ethiopia was known for its partnership with the international community and United States in fighting terrorism in the Horn of Africa. Unusually, however, it has been using its power and global partnership privileges as hideouts to its acts of terror against the people of Ethiopia. As commentaries of The Oakland Institute (2015), the anti-terrorism law used as a tool to stifle dissent where that “law is premised on an extremely broad and vague definition of terrorist activity.” There were also substantial documentations about the anti-terrorism law deficient in relation to its contravention of international understanding of the fight against terror. Even the breadth and depth of the law and its interpretations were loaded with TPLF’s political ends to choke legitimate oppositions.

 Here are the cases!

In 1992, aftermath of control of central power, TPLF schematized the Bunno-Beddeno and Arba-Gugu Massacres in Oromia against Amharas, videotaped the atrocity and used for its propaganda, was one of the bitter realities of the nation.

Repudiating the Sidama peoples constitutional rights, on May 24, 2002, the TPLF gunmen shot 69 and injured 220 Sidama ethnics in many places but majorly in Hawassa. Similarly, in South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, the atrocity against Konso people on September 13, 2016 is another manifestation of TPLF’s anti-Ethiopians stance. Konsos entangled with attacks, mass arrests and killings with prolonged state terror hindering farmers from agricultural activities.

In 2003, the Amhara (Wolkait, Raya, Birsheleko); the Oromia (outskirts of Addis Ababa); the Gambella (Nuer lands) and the Benishangul-Gumuz peoples protested to stop native lands from being taken over by the felons.  With their arms raised to signify peaceful protest, they were violently repressed and killed rampantly (Degeufe Hailu, Green Left, June 5, 2017). On December 13, 2003, according to the Human Rights Watch Report titled “Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia’s Gambella Region” published on March 23, 2005, due to “a brutal ambush allegedly committed by armed Agnuak sparked a bloody three-day rampage in the regional capital, 424 people were killed, almost all of them Anuak. The mobs burned over four hundred houses to the ground and ransacked and looted many of those left standing.” The December 2003 massacre was not the first time TPLF gunmen had committed human rights abuses against civilians in Gambella, but it was a turning point in Gambella's spiral of conflict and insecurity which facilitated for land grabbing by the military generals and ordinary Tigre. 

On April 24, 2007, in partnership with TPLF, members of the resistance groups in Ogaden attacked a Chinese oil exploration team’s camp in Obale, killing 65 Ethiopian experts and 9 Chinese nationals. The TPLF contrabandists, surprisingly, were politically sabotaging to exploit resources in the Somali Region, assassinating businessmen, good-minded citizens and politicians. Tens of thousands of ethnic Somali civilians were destined to death yet many more had tragically migrated to Europe, Kenya and Somalia.

The 2014 Ambo Massacre  where TPLF responded with a brutal crackdown and assassination of 78 students in Ambo town for peaceful protests while 400 and more Oromos were killed for joining the protest. The second Ambo Massacre happened on October 25, 2017 claimed the life of 10 innocent youth and wounded 23 for only road blockade to stop smuggling trucks.

As TPLF is a belligerent group, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Ethiopia was at the global top list journalists forced exile between 2010 and 2015 after Syria.


On October 2, 2016, the terror makers, TPLF Agazi butchers, terrorized the public amid its Irreecha festival, killed at least 678 festival-goers with machine gun. In December 2017 the TPLF-guard, Agazi forces massacred 20 and wounded 14 in Chellenko. The Hamaressa camp violence is another virulent act of TPLF. More than 350 IDPs shelter was attacked and 6 were shot-dead by the Tigre soldiers in February, 2018 inside the camp. The death of 13 civilians of Moyale town on March 10, 2018 and catastrophic wounds of 15 women and kids was horrific. The heinous attack caused the displacement of about 79,000 residents.

 

Above all, as they are very swiftly realizing that the terror strategy of the TPLF is the same as that of the colonial masters — divide and conquer.

 

In another explanatory article, Ethiopian regime has a 25-years-long bloody legacy, composed by Degeufe Hailu, a co-founder of the Ethiopian Community Association of Australia and a former vice-president of the Horn of Africa Relief and Development Agency, reveals the contagious nature of social and economic terror posed by TPLF. Degeufe pronounces that: “200,000 indigenous persons from 240,000 hectares of land in the lower Omo Valley were displaced without compensation or consultation, due to the government's development of sugar plantations. The clearance of land, sold to foreign interests, year-in year-out has lined the pockets of the government, without regard for the region, or the Ethiopian people in general” (Green Left, April 3, 2016). However, after embezzling more than 77 billion birr from the proposed sugar factories, miserably, none of the five projects become successful.

Assailant TPLF abducted an Ethiopian Business tycoon Mohamed Sheikh Adani, in Werder, Somali, Ethiopia. No group claimed responsibility for the incident; however, sources attributed the attack is orchestrated by the TPLF. GTD coded this attack with ID: 201805120045 committed on 12 May 2018 in Werder province, Somali region. Mareeg and Halgan Media both had a report on May 12, 2018 as: “the Ethiopian militia backed by Tigrian Peoples Liberation Front abducted Saturday night Mohamed Sheikh Adani and all his property has been confiscated by militias receiving orders from Ogaden head Abdi Iley [the former Regional president]” where the extent of property damage was estimated to be 1 million dollar.

BBC’s Reality Check, Peter Mwai retrieving evidences from the UN, 23 aid workers have been killed in the region since fighting broke out in November last year. Fighting has also spread into this region, displacing more people and making the routes insecure. Further, The International Crisis Group (IRC) reported on December 11, 2020 that one of its members and two members of the Danish Refuges Council (DRC) were killed on December 12, 2020. Around June 21 and 25, 2021 three Medecins Sans Frontier (MSF) members were reported killed; TPLF was responsible for humanitarian workers. Most recently, the US, in fact prestigious media and news agencies including AFP, Al Jazeera, CNN and France 24 had reports, has accused TPLF of attacking and looting aid warehouses in the areas they have captured in the Amhara region. Due to such terror, attacks and violence made hurdles getting into neediest places. Thus the neighboring Amhara and Afar regions are put in jeopardy by TPLF acts.

 

TPLF has obviously committed countless acts of terror before and after it seized state power in 1991.  GTD only contained TPLF’s terrorism record from 1976 up to 1991. Puzzled why GTD does not contain acts of terrorism that the TPLF has been committing after it came to power, Abebe Gellaw, prominent rights activist and journalist, asked Erin Miller, Project Manager of the GTD. Miller explained him that despite the fact that in circumstances where terrorist organizations like the TPLF have succeeded in seizing state power, they automatically fall outside the domain of the GTD due to the fact that it only records and archives terrorist acts committed by non-state actors. “The rule of inclusion does not include state actors. Terrorism acts committed by governments are state terrorism.”

Herman Hank Cohen, former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs who served in the U.S. Foreign Service for 38 years, also blames the TPLF and its surrogates. “The political leaders have a policy of killing all opponents who take to the streets to demonstrate against them. Other opponents who do not demonstrate but make public statements instead, are sent to jail for long periods … I fail to understand why the TPLF regime feels it necessary to exercise such extreme control to the point of committing murder periodically against its own citizens.” Thereby, Cohen’s message to the TPLF criminals was, “relax and loosen up. The more citizens you kill for no reason, the more difficult it will be for you to govern in peace.” (Cohen: On Ethiopia, December 18, 2015). They are too complex to understand for the political broad at home too. 

Back to Temben with new form of terrorist plan

After it is removed out from the central power in 2019, TPLF has transformed itself into national clique. Onwards, launching the most organized terror acts against the people of Ethiopia. Training and arming insurgents and militants in different parts of the country for genocide and terrorism become its sole enterprise. Along with the economic sabotages, financing ethnic cleansing in Metekel, sponsoring the Shene terrorists in Wollega (Horro-Guduru, Shambu, Dembi-Dollo and etc.) to murder Amharas; the Chilga attacks allied with Qimant extremists; the Gedio agony that displaced 800,000 people; the Gumayde conflict and many more are the TPLF projects.

Assimilation of Amharas into Tigre was the tool used to change the demography. TPLF has committed the new form of attack known as silent genocide in the Wolkait against the Amharas. To this end, tens of thousands are killed, tortured, kidnapped while hundreds of Wolkait farmers and youth forced to leave their homestead. After the loss of its power, it extended its cleansings into full scale. A similar killing happened in Kobo and Merssa on civilians who were protesting against the killing of innocent civilians in Woldia in 2018.

The November 9-10, 2020, Maikadra Massacre on ethnic Amharas is one of the greatest brutality against humanity. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) had deployed an investigation team to Maikadra, Abrhajira, Sanja, Dansha and Humera and between November 14 and 19th 2020. According to the Commission’s findings, dreadful crime was committed by the TPLF expertise on murders. Evidence gathered and analyzed by the EHRC revealed that the Maikadra attack is not a simple criminal act but is rather “a premeditated and carefully coordinated grave violation of human rights.”

Members of Samri (youth groups assigned for the massacre), with the help of the local Tigrayan police and militia, moving from house to house and from street to street, began a cruel and atrocious rampage on people they pre-identified/profiled as Amharas. They slaughtered more than 1,600 innocents, beating them with batons/sticks, stabbing them with knives, machetes and hatchets and strangling them with ropes. They also looted and destroyed properties.  

It has been made apparent that the attack was ethnicity based and specifically targeted men the attackers profiled through, amongst other things, identification cards, as Amharas.

At the beginning of the invasion to the Amhara Region, the Raya, North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region, incident is the most horrible scene. Alamata, Maychew, Kobo and Harra have witnessed the delinquency of the TPLF gangs looting almost all public and private cars, damaging all public enterprises and government offices. Literally, nothing has left in Sekota town. Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota Teachers Education College, Amhara Rehabilitation and Development Organization, Sekota Agricultural Research Institute, Telecom infrastructures and almost all private properties are looted, damaged and taken to Tigrai.

One of the most important trade and investment centers of the Amhara Region, Woldia was targeted too many times. The administration on set and the residents two weeks-long fight to protect the city was remarkable. However, the TPLF militias invaded the city with the support of heavy shell attacks. Many civilians are murdered while the vast majority of all properties such as Woldia hospital, the International stadium, Woldia University and its Merssa Campus facilities, Woldia Teachers Training Colleges, Woldia Technical and Vocational College, key development institutions, public and private belongings are plundered and taken away to Tigray. To facilitate the pillage, the terrorist militias with the direct command of its criminal leaders, took nearly 1,000 vehicles.

Recently from 19-20 August 2021, the group assaulted Debretabor City and its suburb five times with heavy cannons. The attack devastated entire families without any apparent military target nearby, and all the blasts have had fatal damages over many structures and living rooms. Public and state property pillages and damages in Lalibela, Kobo, Mersa, Checheho, Maytemri, Gayint, Guna Technical and Vocational College teaching facilities including laboratories, workshops and administrative centers, Kimir Dingay, Gashena, Debre-Zebit, Wuchalle, Kon, Dellanta, Mersa and other towns have been rampant.

The Mehoni, North Wollo Zone, Massacre of that claimed dozens of Muslims is the barbaric act of the TPLF. The Muslims massacre is a clear signal for TPLFs anti-religions foundations across generations. The Agamsa Massacre is another war crime committed by the TPLF. More than 200 civilian farmers are burnt, slaughtered and chopped in North Wollo Zone, Agamssa town in August 2021. The town, according to a Google Earth Pro images and the actual scene the survivors reported to the Regional government, nearly 100 homes and structures are turned to ashes with heavy assault shells. The prestigious Great Britain daily, The Telegraph gave due emphasis to the atrocity and covered it on 5 August 2021. According to The Telegraph, referring the survivors’ words, 'They [the TPLF] are out for revenge'. The armed groups have bombed the village for series of nights and killed residents moving door to door. The latest Cheena Massacre has also many to tell about the group. It has murdered about 120 civilians in Cheena village, Dabat Woreda, North Gonder Zone.

Disarm and dismantle it: who should do what?

It’s time to deactivate the terrorist group—from the political ecology. Like the Nazis, TPLF should face a lifetime ban from all political environments in Ethiopia and beyond. The federal government of Ethiopia shall disarm its hundreds of thousands criminal forces and unsubscribe them. Further, regional and continental actors like African Union and IGAD have crucial responsibilities to restore peace and order in the Horn; so they must collaborate with the government and people of Ethiopia to bring the terrorists before the law.

TPLF has done many than any other terrorist group in the world: in terms of severity and intensity. It is the world’s most virulent and violent terrorist group. To obliterate the shocks and scares of the terror manufacturer, TPLF and its fanatic extremists must get obsoleted.  The international community has to understand the grief of millions of Ethiopians and designate TPLF as international terrorist. With these, then, the nation will enjoy the future with meaningful stride toward a peaceful and free society. 

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